Egypt's Middle & New Kingdoms
EQ: What happened to Egypt during the Middle & New Kingdoms?
Middle Kingdom:
About 200 years after the Old Kingdom ended, the Middle Kingdom began. This period lasted from about 2050 BCE - 1670 BCE. Also, they moved their capital from Memphis to Thebes, south from Memphis.
The Middle Kingdom gained control over Nubia. They also attacked what is now Syria.
During this time, the arts became popular. Poets wrote love songs to the Pharaohs. Also, Pharaohs decided to build their tombs into cliffs. This was known as the Valley of the Kings.
In 1670 BCE, the Hyksos warriors attacked Egypt. The Hyksos had better weapons and were strong. The Egyptians of the Middle Kingdom were no chance to the Hyksos.
New Kingdom:
About 1473 BCE, a new pharaoh rose to power. This Pharaoh was different, it was a woman, and her name was Hatshepsut. Her husband ruled beside her, until he died, then her young nephew sat beside her. She declared herself pharaoh while regent. Hatshepsut was more concerned about trade, than controlling more land. By this, Egypt became more rich, and she used this wealth to build a monument. The Great Temple and Tomb was one of her greatest.
When Hatshepsut died, her nephew took the place of her, Thutmose III. Her nephew did quite the opposite of Hatshepsut. He led wars of conquest and took over once claimed land as well as new land. Some new land is the Euphrates River and Mesopotamia, which I have elaborated on on my other pages.
He also enslaved prisoners of war. Though slavery hadn't been practiced often before, it became quite common. While being enslaved, the slaves still had rights. They were allowed to marry, own land, and be granted freedom.
Amenhotep, pharaoh, and his wife, Nefertiti, tried to direct Egypt in another direction. Amenhotep started a new religion in Egypt, and tried to get the Egyptians to follow. He ridded polytheism and worshipped one god, Aton. Amenhotep became so involved in his own religion that he changed his name to Akhenaton, which means, "Spirit of Aton". Egypt refused to worship only one god, and Akhenaton denied power as pharaoh. He didn't do his job, and didn't protect Egypt. Turkey attacked Egypt, and gained control over part of Egypt. Akhenaton did nothing about it, and the empire shrank.
About 200 years after the Old Kingdom ended, the Middle Kingdom began. This period lasted from about 2050 BCE - 1670 BCE. Also, they moved their capital from Memphis to Thebes, south from Memphis.
The Middle Kingdom gained control over Nubia. They also attacked what is now Syria.
During this time, the arts became popular. Poets wrote love songs to the Pharaohs. Also, Pharaohs decided to build their tombs into cliffs. This was known as the Valley of the Kings.
In 1670 BCE, the Hyksos warriors attacked Egypt. The Hyksos had better weapons and were strong. The Egyptians of the Middle Kingdom were no chance to the Hyksos.
New Kingdom:
About 1473 BCE, a new pharaoh rose to power. This Pharaoh was different, it was a woman, and her name was Hatshepsut. Her husband ruled beside her, until he died, then her young nephew sat beside her. She declared herself pharaoh while regent. Hatshepsut was more concerned about trade, than controlling more land. By this, Egypt became more rich, and she used this wealth to build a monument. The Great Temple and Tomb was one of her greatest.
When Hatshepsut died, her nephew took the place of her, Thutmose III. Her nephew did quite the opposite of Hatshepsut. He led wars of conquest and took over once claimed land as well as new land. Some new land is the Euphrates River and Mesopotamia, which I have elaborated on on my other pages.
He also enslaved prisoners of war. Though slavery hadn't been practiced often before, it became quite common. While being enslaved, the slaves still had rights. They were allowed to marry, own land, and be granted freedom.
Amenhotep, pharaoh, and his wife, Nefertiti, tried to direct Egypt in another direction. Amenhotep started a new religion in Egypt, and tried to get the Egyptians to follow. He ridded polytheism and worshipped one god, Aton. Amenhotep became so involved in his own religion that he changed his name to Akhenaton, which means, "Spirit of Aton". Egypt refused to worship only one god, and Akhenaton denied power as pharaoh. He didn't do his job, and didn't protect Egypt. Turkey attacked Egypt, and gained control over part of Egypt. Akhenaton did nothing about it, and the empire shrank.
Vocabulary:
Assyrians → In 670 BCE Egypt was taken over by what group?
2050 BCE → Middle Kingdom begins
Regent → a person who rules a kingdom during the reign of a child, absence, or disability of the leader.
Ramses II → Most successful Pharaoh during the New Kingdom
Ahmose → He drove the Hyksos out of Egypt out of Egypt in 1550 BCE; Starting the New Kingdom
Tribute → Forced payment to a more powerful group; It made Egypt rich
Amenhotep IV → Husband of Nefertiti; Created a new religion with only one god named Aton; Egypt lost much during his rule
1500 BCE → Queen Hatshepsut reigns
Tutankhamen or "King Tut" → Son-in-law of Amenhotep IV; Ruled at the age of 10; His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter in AD 1922
Thutmose III → The nephew of Hatsheput; He became pharoah after her death.
1150 BCE → In this year Egyptians lost there empire.
Middle Kingdom → Egyptian time period that falls in between the "Old and New Kingdoms"; Called the "Golden Years" in Egypt
Valley of the Kings → On the west bank of the Nile River; Tombs were built here for Pharaohs during the Middle Kingdom
Hyksos → This group of outsiders conquered Egypt bring the Middle Kingdom to an end in 1670 BC
Hatshepsut → First female Pharoah; led Egypt as a regent and then became Pharaoh after her nephew died
Assyrians → In 670 BCE Egypt was taken over by what group?
2050 BCE → Middle Kingdom begins
Regent → a person who rules a kingdom during the reign of a child, absence, or disability of the leader.
Ramses II → Most successful Pharaoh during the New Kingdom
Ahmose → He drove the Hyksos out of Egypt out of Egypt in 1550 BCE; Starting the New Kingdom
Tribute → Forced payment to a more powerful group; It made Egypt rich
Amenhotep IV → Husband of Nefertiti; Created a new religion with only one god named Aton; Egypt lost much during his rule
1500 BCE → Queen Hatshepsut reigns
Tutankhamen or "King Tut" → Son-in-law of Amenhotep IV; Ruled at the age of 10; His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter in AD 1922
Thutmose III → The nephew of Hatsheput; He became pharoah after her death.
1150 BCE → In this year Egyptians lost there empire.
Middle Kingdom → Egyptian time period that falls in between the "Old and New Kingdoms"; Called the "Golden Years" in Egypt
Valley of the Kings → On the west bank of the Nile River; Tombs were built here for Pharaohs during the Middle Kingdom
Hyksos → This group of outsiders conquered Egypt bring the Middle Kingdom to an end in 1670 BC
Hatshepsut → First female Pharoah; led Egypt as a regent and then became Pharaoh after her nephew died
Problem: Akhenaton forced a new religion upon Egyptians.
Solution: We can learn from this and allow people to have an opinion on things.
Solution: We can learn from this and allow people to have an opinion on things.
Picture documenting all three kingdoms of Egypt for 'Extra'
Credit: https://sites.google.com/a/lsr7.net/lilly/unit-4-ancient-egypt/4-8-i-can- identify-contributions-of-the-old-middle-and-new-kingdoms